![]() The spread of VBM and VOCs has affected the actual protective efficacy of the first-generation vaccines (ChAdOx1,, NVX-CoV2373, BNT162b2). It is reported that the Omicron variant has >60 mutations with at least 30 mutations in the Spike protein (“S” protein) and 15 mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD), resulting in rapid attachment to target cells and immune evasion. Studies have shown that certain mutations increase the infectivity and pathogenicity of the virus as demonstrated in the case of SARS-CoV-2, the Omicron variant. The surge in VBM and VOC poses a significant threat to public health globally as they exhibit altered virulence, transmissibility, diagnostic or therapeutic escape, and the ability to evade the host immune response. The third and fourth categories include “Variants of Interest (VOI)”, and “Variants of High Consequence (VOHC)”, respectively, and contain no variants classified currently under these categories. ![]() The RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2 has mutated and produced several variants, which were classified by the SARS-CoV-2 Interagency Group (SIG) into four major categories. The incidence and death toll due to SARS-CoV-2 infection varied time-to-time and depended on several factors, including severity (viral load), immune status, age, gender, vaccination status, and presence of comorbidities. ![]()
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